Lyres from the ancient world are divided by scholars into two separate groups, the eastern lyres and the western lyres, which are defined by patterns of geography and chronology. There is evidence of the development of many forms of lyres from the period 2700 B.C.E through 700 B.C.E. In organology, a lyre is considered a yoke lute, since it is a lute in which the strings are attached to a yoke that lies in the same plane as the sound table, and consists of two arms and a crossbar. Hornbostel–Sachs divide lyres into two groups Bowl lyres ( 321.21), Box lyres ( 321.22). Hornbostel–Sachs classifies the lyre as a member of the lute-family of instruments which is one of the families under the chordophone classification of instruments. Classification The Mycenaean sarcophagus of Hagia Triada, 14th century BC, depicting the earliest lyre with seven strings, held by a man with long robe, third from the left. The English word comes via Latin from the Greek. In classical Greek, the word "lyre" could either refer specifically to an amateur instrument, which is a smaller version of the professional cithara and eastern- Aegean barbiton, or "lyre" can refer generally to all three instruments as a family. The earliest reference to the word "lyre" is the Mycenaean Greek ru-ra-ta-e, meaning "lyrists" and written in the Linear B script. A Roman fresco from Pompeii, 1st century AD, depicting a man in a theatre mask and a woman wearing a garland while playing a lyre Etymology This lyre served as the origin of the European lyre known as the Germanic lyre or rotte that was widely used in north-western Europe from pre-Christian to medieval times. 1700-1400 B.C.E., and then later spread throughout the Roman Empire. The round lyre, so called for its rounded base, reappeared centuries later in ancient Greece c. The round lyre or the Western lyre also originated in Syria and Anatolia, but was not as widely used and eventually died out in the east c. They have been found at archaeological sites in Egypt, Syria, Anatolia, and the Levant. The oldest lyres from the Fertile Crescent are known as the eastern lyres and are distinguished from other ancient lyres by their flat base. The earliest known examples of the lyre have been recovered at archeological sites that date to c. Lyres were used in several ancient cultures surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The lyre has its origins in ancient history. The lyre ( / ˈ l aɪər/) is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute family of instruments. (Composite chordophone sounded with a plectrum) Greek vase with muse playing the phorminx, a type of lyre
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